Favorites List
Cart: empty0
Shopping Cart×
Your cart is empty
Subtotal$0.00

630-735-3500

How to Properly Wash Firefighter Turnout Gear

Proper cleaning of firefighter turnout gear is a critical component of health, safety, and compliance. NFPA 1851, Standard on the Selection, Care, and Maintenance of Protective Ensembles, establishes minimum requirements for inspecting, cleaning, and maintaining PPE to reduce risks from contamination and damage.


For departments looking to meet these standards, purpose-built fire gear washers and turnout gear washing systems are designed specifically to support compliant cleaning processes.

Understanding NFPA 1851 Cleaning Levels

NFPA 1851 defines different levels of cleaning depending on exposure:


1. Preliminary Exposure Reduction (On-scene cleaning)

  • Conducted immediately after an incident
  • Involves brushing or rinsing off visible contaminants
  • Reduces the spread of hazardous substances


2. Advanced Cleaning

  • Required at least twice per year and after significant exposure
  • Performed using a washer-extractor or by a verified service provider


Many departments achieve this level of cleaning using NFPA-compliant turnout gear washing machines designed to remove embedded contaminants without damaging protective fabrics.


3. Specialized Cleaning

  • Used for hazardous materials or heavy contamination
  • Requires advanced processes or professional services


Step-by-Step: Washing Turnout Gear Properly


Step 1: Perform Preliminary Cleaning

  • Remove loose debris by gently brushing or rinsing the gear after the incident
  • This reduces contamination before transport and further cleaning


Step 2: Inspect and Prepare the Gear

  • Inspect for damage such as tears, burns, or seam failure
  • Remove liners and wash separately if detachable
  • Fasten all closures (zippers, snaps, hook-and-loop)
  • Turn liners inside out when applicable


Step 3: Use the Correct Equipment

NFPA 1851 requires the use of:

  • Front-loading washer-extractors (no agitator)
  • Dedicated machines for turnout gear whenever possible
  • Programmable cycles to control temperature and extraction force
  • Standard home washing machines are not recommended because they can damage the gear and fail to remove contaminants effectively. Departments instead rely on commercial fire gear washers and extractor systems built specifically for firefighter PPE.


Step 4: Wash Using Approved Settings


Water Temperature

  • Do not exceed 105°F (40°C)


Detergent Requirements

  • Use approved detergents with a pH between 6.0 and 10.5
  • Do not use chlorine bleach, fabric softeners, or solvents


Machine Settings

  • Use programmable washer-extractor cycles
  • Follow manufacturer and NFPA 1851 guidance for extraction limits


Step 5: Rinse and Rewash if Needed

  • Ensure all contaminants and detergent residues are removed
  • Rewash gear if soils or odors remain

Step 6: Dry Gear Properly

Proper drying is critical to maintaining protective performance.


Accepted Drying Methods:

  • Air drying in a well-ventilated area
  • Drying cabinets with controlled airflow
  • Dryer with low or no heat only


Departments using integrated gear-washing and drying systems can standardize this process while remaining within NFPA temperature limits.


Step 7: Reassemble and Store

  • Reinstall liners and components per manufacturer instructions
  • Store gear in a clean, dry, well-ventilated environment
  • Avoid direct sunlight and contamination exposure


Why Proper Equipment Matters

Firefighter turnout gear can absorb hazardous substances, including carcinogens, soot, and toxic byproducts. Proper cleaning is essential not only for compliance but for long-term health and safety.


Using dedicated turnout gear washing systems helps departments:

  • Meet NFPA 1851 requirements
  • Improve contaminant removal efficiency
  • Extend the life of PPE
  • Reduce risk of cross-contamination


What NOT to Do

To remain compliant with NFPA 1851:

  • Do not use standard home washing machines
  • Do not use chlorine bleach or harsh chemicals
  • Do not wash gear in agitator-style washers
  • Do not dry with high heat or direct sunlight
  • Do not store gear while wet or contaminated


Summary

Properly washing firefighter turnout gear requires:

  • Immediate preliminary cleaning after exposure
  • Routine advanced cleaning using washer-extractors
  • Controlled temperature, detergent, and drying methods
  • Ongoing inspection and documentation


Departments that invest in purpose-built fire gear washers and drying systems are better equipped to maintain compliance, protect firefighter health, and extend the service life of their PPE. If you still have questions, connect with our team for expert guidance on selecting the right solution for your department.